During a recent lunch, a friend of mine and I discussed our careers and how, over time, we’ve gradually moved up the various layers of the seven-layer OSI Reference Model. In English, we’ve moved further away from the bits and bytes level of data communication to the applications that make human interaction using machines possible. The essence of the model is that each of the seven layers serves to transfer information to its adjacent layers as they move data from one system to another across a network.
My friend pointed out that he and I have moved beyond the application layer (or highest layer in the model) to a human level. This led to a discussion on a new layer for the model, something we called layer 8 or the Social Layer.
I was excited by the idea and as I walked home I mapped out a long discussion on the topic for a blog post. My ideas centered around the social web and real, in-person, interaction that involves a Chinese-buffet lunch, not machines.
As it turns out, there has been a lot of this discussion about this very idea on the web. One site does it particularly well.
In their 2004 citation, A Human Factors Extension to the Seven-Layer OSI Reference Model, Ben Bauer and Andrew S. Patrick identify three additional Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) layers and justify their relevance by noting “a user does not directly interact with, nor perceive, any of [the data networking] layers in getting some task done”.
Their proposed HCI layers are noted here, working down the model toward the bits and bytes level:
- Layer 10: Human Needs (communication, education, acquisition, security, entertainment…)
- Layer 9: Human Performance (perception, cognition, memory, motor control, social…)
- Layer 8: Display (keyboard, GUI/CLI, vocal…)
In their analysis, the authors take time to identify two very interesting ideas:
- Human interaction drives — and should drive — the need for technology. Therefore, the method of interaction should be driven by the purpose and intended dynamic of the interaction (whether it’s more appropriate to meet person instead of connecting on the phone, sending correspondence through postal mail, text messaging over a cell phone, emailing or micro-blogging online, creating a podcast or conducting a webcast).
- Quality of Experience (QoE) is a way of focusing on the human experience as it is (or can be) affected by Quality of Service (QoS), a quantitative measure of (and method of managing) network traffic and performance.
I love finding papers like this because they take ideas we kind-a-sort-a already know and relate them to other concepts that have been used to drive innovation.
Connecting communities by synthesizing ideas for a common discussion is a good thing.